Iifayile zeSudoers, sebenzisa imiyalelo yekhonkrithi ngaphandle kwephasiwedi yesudo

Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kujonga ukuba sinokwenza njani sebenzisa imiyalelo ethile ngaphandle kwephasiwedi yesudo ku-Ubuntu enkosi kwifayile yesudo. Kubonakala kusengqiqweni kum ukulumkisa ukuba le nto izakufundwa apha ngezantsi yenzelwe ukufundisa kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba ulumke kakhulu xa usebenzisa oko uya kuba nakho ukufunda apha. Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu uvumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze 'rm' umyalelo ngaphandle kokubhala Igama lokugqitha, ungasusa ngempazamo okanye ngolunya izinto ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

Njengoko benditshilo, kule migca ilandelayo siza kubona ukuba siyenza kanjani imiyalelo ethile ngaphandle kokubhala igama eligqithisiweyo kwisudo Inkqubo yokusebenza efana ne-Unix. Njengoko bonke abasebenzisi baka-Ubuntu besazi, kuyimfuneko ukuyibhala xa sisenza umthetho sisebenzisa iSudo. Kodwa xa kuziwa ekuzenzekelayo imisebenzi ethile, mhlawumbi kufuneka uyibhale kunokuba yinto ephazamisayo.

Yenza imiyalelo ethile ngaphandle kwephasiwedi kwi-Ubuntu

Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu, nokuba yeyiphi na, unomdla wokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze umthetho othile ngaphandle kokuchwetheza igama eligqithisiweyo lesudo, kuya kufuneka yongeza loo myalelo kwifayile yesudo.

Masithi sifuna umsebenzisi athiwe igama zengqondo sebenzisa umyalelo we-mkdir ngaphandle kokuchwetheza igama eligqithisiweyo. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka sihlele abaxhasi. Kwisiphelo (Ctrl + Alt + T) sibhala:

sudo visudo

Xa ifayile ivuliwe, esiphelweni sayo siya kongeza lo mgca ulandelayo:

entreunosyceros ALL=NOPASSWD:/bin/mkdir

Kulo mgca ongezwe ekubanjweni kwangaphambili, i-entreunosyceros ligama lomsebenzisi. Ngokwalo mgca, lo msebenzisi uya kuba nakho ukwenza umyalelo 'mkdirngaphandle kokuchwetheza igama eligqithisiweyo.

Inkqubo ilula. Siza kukwazi yongeza imiyalelo emininzi njengoko sifuna ukwahlula ikoma, njengoko kubonisiwe koku kulandelayo:

entreunosyceros ALL=NOPASSWD:/bin/mkdir,/bin/chmod

Emva kokugqiba ukongeza umgca, phuma uze ungene kwakhona okanye uqalise kwakhona inkqubo. Ukusukela ngoku, umsebenzisi ekubhekiswa kuye ngomgca ongezwe kwifayile ukubila awuyi kufuna ukufaka iphasiwedi ye-sudo ngelixa uqhuba nayiphi na imiyalelo eyongeziweyo. Ewe ngokunjalo, xa uqhuba yonke eminye imiyalelo, ukuba uya kucelwa ukuba ufake ipassword usebenzise iSudo.

Fumana indlela eya kumyalelo kwaye uyongeze kwifayile yesudo

Kule meko sifuna ukongeza umyalelo ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunaleyo siyisebenzisileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, indlela efanelekileyo yomzekelo Kuya kufuneka sibhale ngokuchanekileyo indlela eya kwifayile ephunyeziweyo. Kwimeko yokungaqiniseki ngayo, sinokusebenzisa umyalelo 'iphi iUkufumana indlela echanekileyo. Kwisiphelo (Ctrl + Alt + T) kuya kufuneka ubhale:

whereis apt

Njengoko ubona kwisikrini esingentla, indlela yomyalelo ofanelekileyo yile / usr / bin / apt, ke le yindlela eya kongezwa kwifayile yesudo.

Kwimeko apho sinomdla wokungachwethezi igama eligqithisiweyo kwisudo xa kusenziwa umthetho ofanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka sihlele kwakhona iifayile zothando

sudo visudo

Ngaphakathi bekuya kuba njalo yongeza umyalelo 'apt' kwifayile njengoko senzile ngemiyalelo yangaphambili:

entreunosyceros ALL=NOPASSWD:/bin/mkdir,/bin/chmod,/usr/bin/apt

Emva kokudibanisa umyalelo, gcina kwaye uvale ifayile yesudo. Emva koko ungene kwaye ungene kwakhona. Ngoku, inokuqinisekiswa ukuba umsebenzisi angawenza lo myalelo ngesimaphambili sesudo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igama eligqithisiweyo:

sudo apt update

Buza iphasiwedi ye-sudo ngomyalelo othile kwifayile yesudo

Ukuba emva kokwenza njalo, ukuba ufuna umsebenzisi ukuba achwetheze iphasiwedi kwakhona, konke okufuneka ukwenze yile hlela ifayile yesudo kwaye ususe umyalelo owongeziweyo. Gcina ifayile, uphume, kwaye ungene kwakhona.

Enye indlela ibinokuba yiyo yongeza umyalelo 'PASSWD:' phambi komyalelo esifuna ukuba ubhale iphasiwedi ye-sudo. Ukulandela umzekelo, siza kuguqula umgca owongezwe kwifayile yesudo njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:

entreunosyceros ALL=NOPASSWD:/bin/mkdir,/bin/chmod,PASSWD:/usr/bin/apt

Kule meko, i-entreunosyceros yomsebenzisi inokuyenza imiyalelo 'mkdir'kwaye'chmodngaphandle kokuchwetheza igama eligqithisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uchwetheze xa ufuna ukusebenzisa umyalelo 'Wayenyanisile'