Ukufaka inkqubo ku-Ubuntu ngumsebenzi olula kakhulu. Ubuntu bongeza iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ngokungagqibekanga kwaye inamandla iLinux, nangona kunjalo, ukuba sifuna isoftware ethile, sinokuyifaka ngokulula ngokulandela la manyathelo esiza kuwabonisa ngezantsi.
Ku-Ubuntu, kunye neLinux ngokubanzi, ngokungafaniyo nokuba ingakanani isoftware efakwe kwiWindows, ngokuqhelekileyo akuyomfuneko ukukhangela inkqubo kwi-Intanethi, uyikhuphele kwaye ufake iilayibrari ezininzi eziyimfuneko ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Sineendawo zokugcina (PPA) ezifumanekayo, eziluhlobo lwendawo yokugcina izinto ephakathi equlathe yonke isoftware nesoloko ihlaziywa (ngokomlinganiselo). sinokufaka kwakhona Iiphakheji ze DEB, ukuba siya kufumana ezi kwi-intanethi, iCanonical snap okanye iFlatpak.
Zininzi iindlela zokufaka inkqubo ku-Ubuntu. Siza kubazisa kuwe ukusuka kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi ukuya kwelona liphezulu «ukuntsokotha».
Ubuntu Software
Eyona ndlela ilula necacileyo kuzo zonke kungolu setyenziso. Inyaniso, Ubuntu Software (eyayisakuba yiZiko leSoftware ye-Ubuntu) ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwe Ifom ukusuka kwiSoftware ye-GNOME eyilelwe ukubeka phambili iipakethe ze-snap. Kule venkile sinokukhangela naluphi na uhlobo lwepakethe, kwaye iya kubonakala ukuba ikwiindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni ze-Ubuntu okanye kwi-Snapcraft, apho iipakethe ze-snap zilayishwa khona.
Ukufikelela kuyo kufuneka sicofe i icon yeSoftware ye-Ubuntu, edla ngokuba kwiphaneli esecaleni. Esi sicelo sahlulwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, onke afikeleleka ukusuka phezulu:
- Ngasekhohlo kwayo yonke into sineglasi yokukhulisa, apho sinokugqogqa khona.
- Embindini sinamacandelo:
- Khangela (ngevenkile).
- Izicelo ezifakiweyo, apho siza kubona oko sikufakile, nangona ingezizo zonke iipakethe ezivelayo.
- Uhlaziyo, apho siza kubona ukuba yintoni eza kuhlaziya xa kukho iipakethe ezintsha.
Ngokumalunga neSoftware ye-Ubuntu, kubonakala kubalulekile kum ukuba ndiphinde ndikhankanye ukuba yivenkile yenzelwe ukubeka phambili iipakethi ze-snap. Abantu bomthonyama base-Ubuntu zii-DEBs, kunye ne-snaps ibe zezo eziqulethe isoftware engundoqo kunye nokuxhomekeka. Ziyinketho, kodwa isenokungabi yintandokazi yethu. Ukuba sikhetha ukusebenzisa Ubuntu Software, kufuneka sijonge imenyu eyehlayo phezulu ngasekunene. Kulapha apho siza kubona ukuba ukhetho lukwi-DEB version; ngokungagqibekanga iya kusinika iphakheji ekhawulezayo. Nto leyo eyenza ukuba sicebise enye indlela.
GNOME Software
Ndiza kuyifaka njani i-GNOME Software ukuba i-Ubuntu Software iyafana kwaye sele ifakiwe? Ewe, kuba ayinjalo, kwaye ayisondeli ekubenikho. Ubuntu beSoftware inezithintelo ezithile kunye nefilosofi i-GNOME Software ayinayo. Ivenkile esemthethweni yeProjekthi yeGNOME ibonelela ngesoftware ngaphandle kokubeka phambili okanye ukufihla nantoni na, okanye ukuba beka phambili into iya kuba yi DEB package ukhetho, lowo wobomi bonke. Into embi malunga nokuthetha ngolu khetho kwindawo yesibini kukuba ukuyisebenzisa kuya kufuneka sifake ivenkile kunye nendlela ye-penultimate, kunye ne-terminal, kwaye siya kuhambisa amandla ayo apheleleyo ngokongeza inkxaso yeFlathub.
Nje ukuba siyifakile, i-GNOME Software iphantse ibe yikopi ye-Ubuntu Software (enyanisweni ichasene). Siza kukhangela ngeglasi yokukhulisa, siya kukhetha inkqubo, siya kujonga umthombo wemvelaphi kwaye siya kucofa Faka. Ilula ngolo hlobo. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba iphakheji ayibonakali kwi-Ubuntu Software. Ukuba sikhangela "isoftware ye-gnome" ibonakala ifakiwe, kodwa akunjalo. Kufuneka siyifake njengoko sichazile kwicandelo le-console.
Umphathi wePakeji yeSynaptic
I-Synaptic yinkqubo ehambele phambili ukufakwa kunye nokususwa kwezicelo kune-Ubuntu Software. Nangona kunjalo, indawo engqongileyo inemifanekiso kwaye inamandla kakhulu, kwaye inolawulo olupheleleyo kwizicelo ezifakwe kwisistim, ukuxhomekeka kwazo kunye neenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeepakethe ezinokufakwa ngokweemfuno. Ukusukela Ubuntu 12.04 Synaptic ayifakwanga ngokungagqibekanga, kwaye ukuba sifuna ukuyisebenzisa, kufuneka siyifake kwi-Ubuntu Software, sikhangela Synaptic, okanye ukusuka kwi-terminal.
Ukuvula i-Synaptic siya kucofa i icon yegridi, okanye siya kucinezela iqhosha leMeta, kwaye siya kukhangela. Synaptic. Ngalo mphathi sinokufaka, ukufaka kwakhona kunye nokususa iiphakheji ngendlela elula kakhulu yemizobo. Isikrini se-Synaptic, njengoko ubona, sahlulwe sibe ngamacandelo ama-4. Ezona zibini zibalulekileyo luluhlu olubandakanya icandelo (1) lecandelo (3) kwicala lasekhohlo kunye nephakheji (4) kwicala lasekunene. Ukukhetha iphakheji kuluhlu kuya kubonisa inkcazo (XNUMX).
Ukufaka iphakheji siya kukhetha udidi, cofa ekunene kwiphakheji oyifunayo kwaye ukhethe Phawula ukufaka okanye siyakucofa kabini kwigama lephakheji. Siya kumakisha ngale ndlela zonke iipakethe esifuna ukuzifaka kwisistim kwaye nqakraza kwiqhosha aplicar ukuba ufakelo lwakho luqale. I-Synaptic iya kukhuphela kuphela iiphakheji eziyimfuneko ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina kwi-intanethi okanye kwimidiya yokufakela.
Unokusebenzisa iqhosha search ukufumana iipakeji esifuna ukuzifaka. Ngokucofa eli qhosha sinokukhangela iinkqubo ngegama okanye inkcazo. Nje ukuba inkqubo esifuna ukuyifaka ibekho, sicofa kabini kuyo ukuyifaka. Ukuba sifuna ukucima inkqubo, konke ekufuneka sikwenzile kukucofa ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe Cima o Cima ngokupheleleyo.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, utshintsho luza kusebenza sakuba nje sicofe iqhosha lokufaka isicelo.
Umphathi wephakheji ye-Synaptic, njenge-Ubuntu Software, ikhathalela ukusombulula ukuxhomekeka kwephakheji ngokwayo ukuze izicelo zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ngendlela efanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uyiqwalasele ukuba ifake iipakeji ezicetyiswayo ezinokuthi, ngaphandle kokufunwa sisicelo, zikwazi ukuzalisekisa eminye imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Ukuba sifuna ukwenza oku kuziphatha singaya Cwangcisa > Okuthandayo, kwaye kwithebhu ngokubanzi khangela ibhokisi Phatha iipakeji ezinconywayo njengokuxhomekeka.
flatpak kunye neepakethe ze-snap
Njengoko sesichazile, Ubuntu ayixhasi iiphakheji ze-flatpak emva kofakelo olutsha. Ngapha koko, iCanonical ayiwuthandi kakhulu umbono, kunye neSoftware yayo ye-Ubuntu Ayixhasi neeflatpaks.; iyalungiswa ukuze inkxaso ingenakongezwa kuyo, okanye hayi ngendlela elula eyake yabelwa ngayo kuluntu lwe Linux. Iiphakheji ze-Snap zinokufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Ubuntu Software, kwaye ukufakwa kwazo kulula njengayo nayiphi na enye iphakheji, nangona zinokufakwa kwi-terminal njengoko siza kuchaza kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Into yahlukile xa sifuna ukufaka iiphakheji ze-flatpak. Njengoko sichazile kwi Oku kubhaliwe, okokuqala kufuneka sifake iphakheji ye-"flatpak", emva koko "i-gnome-software", kuba ivenkile ye-Ubuntu esemthethweni ayizixhasi, emva koko iplagin ye-GNOME Software emva koko. yongeza indawo yokugcina iFlathub. Emva kokuqalisa kwakhona, iiphakheji ze-flatpak zivela njengokhetho kwi-GNOME Software, kodwa kungekhona kwi-Ubuntu Software.
Malunga nolu hlobo lweepakethe, zombini i-snap kunye ne-flatpak zinayo yonke into efunekayo (isoftware kunye nokuxhomekeka) ukuze inkqubo isebenze. Into enhle ngabo kukuba bahlaziya ngokukhawuleza kwaye basebenze kuyo nayiphi na i-Linux yokusabalalisa, kwaye ngokwenene kukho ezinye iinkqubo esizifumana kuphela kwi-Flathub (i-flatpak) okanye i-Snapcraft (i-snap). Ziinketho zokuqwalaselwa, kodwa ukuba nazo zonke zifanelekile ukusebenzisa i-GNOME Software.
Ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sibonile indlela yegraphical yokufaka iinkqubo ku-Ubuntu. Okulandelayo siza kubona indlela yokwenza okufanayo kodwa nge-terminal. Nangona abasebenzisi abaninzi behlulwe yiyo yonke into enxulumene "nezikrini ezimnyama", kufuneka wazi ukuba le ndlela ayinzima kwaphela. Okuphikisanayo, ikhululekile kwaye ilula, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iyakhawuleza.
Ukufakela isoftware ku-Ubuntu ngale ndlela, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukuvula i-terminal, ngokusengqiqweni. Singayenza kwi icon yegridi okanye ngokucinezela isitshixo seMeta kunye nokukhangela "iterminal", kwaye ivulwe ngokucinezela iCtrl + Alt + T indibaniselwano yesitshixo, okoko indlela emfutshane ingatshintshwanga, nokuba umsebenzisi okanye ngenxa yokuba iCanonical ithatha isigqibo kwixesha elizayo. Ukusuka kwi-terminal, into esinokuyenza kukuba:
- Ukufaka iipakeji:
sudo apt install nombre-del-paquete
- Faka iiphakheji ezininzi:
sudo apt install nombre-del-paquete1 nombre-del-paquete2 nombre-del-paquete3
- Khipha iiphakheji:
sudo apt remove nombre-del-paquete
- Khipha iphakheji kunye neefayile zoqwalaselo ezinxulumene nayo:
sudo apt remove --purge nombre-del-paquete
- Hlaziya uluhlu lweepakethe ezifumaneka kwindawo yokugcina:
sudo apt update
- Hlaziya zonke iipakethe ezifakwe kwikhompyuter:
sudo apt upgrade
- Faka i-snap package:
sudo snap install nombre-del-paquete
- Khipha iphakheji ye-snap:
sudo snap remove nombre-del-paquete
- Hlaziya iipakethe ze-snap:
sudo snap refresh
Nje ukuba siphumeze umyalelo, inkqubo inokusibuza ukuba siyafuna na ukufaka ipakethe esiyikhethileyo kunye nezinye ezixhomekeke kuyo, isibonisa iinkcukacha ezithile ezifana negama layo elipheleleyo, inguqulelo, okanye ubungakanani. Siza kuphendula ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye silinde ukugqiba ukufakela.
.deb packages
Ukuba kukho into esifuna ukuyifaka ayifumaneki kwiindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni, okanye njenge-snap okanye i-flatpak, kunokwenzeka ukuba umphuhlisi wayo unikezela njengephakheji ye-.deb. Umzekelo, ukuba sifuna ukufaka isikhangeli sewebhu seVivaldi, sinokukhangela konke esikufunayo kwiSoftware ye-GNOME kwaye ayizukuyifumana nokuba siye savumela inkxaso yeepakethe zeflatpak. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iyafumaneka kwiindawo zokugcina zaseManjaro ezisemthethweni, kodwa ayikho kuninzi lwazo ngenxa yokuba inento encinci yekhulu (andikhumbuli ukuba yi-4% okanye i-6%) ehambelana nojongano lwegraphical olungekho. Vula Umnikezi. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba sifuna ukufaka i-Vivaldi kwi-Ubuntu kufuneka siyenze ngokusebenzisa iphakheji yayo ye-.deb.
Yiba yiVivaldi okanye nayiphi na enye inkqubo, sinokufaka iphakheji yayo yeDEB ngokuyikhuphela kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni kwaye uyifake. Sinokukwenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Cofa kabini kwaye uyifake ukuze ingazivuli. Ubuntu beSoftware iya kuvuleka.
- Cofa ekunene kwaye ukhethe "Ufakelo lweSoftware", eya kuvula iSoftware ye-GNOME ukuba siyifakile.
- Kwi-terminal, chwetheza sudo dpkg -i package_name (kufanelekile ukuyitsalela kwi-terminal ukuze ungenzi mpazamo ukuba igama lide).
Into enomdla yokuqaphela kukuba uninzi lwezi phakheji zisongeza kwindawo yokugcina esemthethweni yeprojekthi ukuze sihlaziye kwixesha elizayo.
Esi sisiphelo sesi sikhokelo apho sikubonise khona iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufaka iiphakeji ku-Ubuntu. Siyathemba ukuba uyifumana iluncedo.